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Brain: Introduction
Pages 3-3
This atlas presents normal imaging variations of the brain, skull, and craniocervical vasculature. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) have advanced dramatically in the past 10 years, particularly in regard to new techniques and 3D imaging. One of the major problems experienced by radiologists and clinicians is the interpretation of normal variants as compared with the abnormalities that the variants mimic. Through an extensive collection of images, this book offers a spectrum of appearances for each variant with accompanying 3D imaging for confirmation; explores common artifacts on MR and CT that simulate disease; discusses each variant in terms of the relevant anatomy; and presents comparison cases for the purpose of distinguishing normal findings from abnormalities. It includes both common variants as well as newly identified variants that are visualized by recently developed techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging and multidetector/multislice CT. The book also highlights normal imaging variants in pediatric cases.
Atlas of Normal Imaging Variations of the Brain, Skull, and Craniocervical Vasculature is a valuable resource for neuroradiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists in interpreting the most common and identifiable variants and using the best methods to classify them expediently.
Brain: Introduction
Pages 3-3
Cerebellar Tonsillar Ectopia
Pages 5-12
Cerebellar Flocculus Pseudomass
Pages 13-18
Mega Cisterna Magna and Retrocerebellar Arachnoid Cysts
Pages 19-41
Cranial Nerve VII: Normal Contrast Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pages 43-57
Meckel Cave Prominence, Asymmetry, and Petrous Apex Cephaloceles
Pages 59-69
Cavernous Sinus Fat and Pseudomasses
Pages 71-87
Pituitary Variations, Artifacts, Primary Empty Sella, and Incidentalomas
Pages 89-146
Liliequist Membrane
Pages 147-152
Pineal Gland: Normal Size, Appearance, and Enhancement
Pages 153-175
Choroid Plexus: Normal Locations and Appearances
Pages 177-237
Hippocampi, Caudate Tail, and Ependymal Variants
Pages 239-277
Midline Variants of the Septum Pellucidum, Corpus Callosum, and Massa Intermedia
Pages 279-314
Dilated Perivascular Spaces
Pages 315-348
Enlargement or Asymmetry of the Lateral Ventricles Simulating Hydrocephalus
Pages 349-369
Cerebral or Cerebellar Volume Loss Simulating Subdural Hematomas, Hygromas, and Arachnoid Cysts
Pages 371-390
Dural Calcifications: Normal Locations and Appearances
Pages 391-411
Pseudo-leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement
Pages 413-426
Basal Ganglia: Physiologic Calcifications
Pages 427-440
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Concepts, Basal Ganglia Variation in Age-Related Iron Deposition, and Artifacts
Pages 441-486
Slow-Flow, Asymptomatic Vascular Malformations: Brain Capillary Telangiectasias and Developmental Venous Anomalies
Pages 487-521
Brain MRI Pseudolesions: 3.0 T Imaging, FLAIR, and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Pages 523-596
Pediatric Brain: Normal Variations in Development, Maturation, and Myelination
Pages 597-744
Skull: Introduction
Pages 747-747
Pediatric Skull: Normal Pediatric Sutures on Computed Tomography
Pages 749-768
Skull Base Foramina: Normal Variations and Developmental Defects
Pages 769-813
Normal Variations and Developmental Anatomy of the Calvarial Sutures and Fontanelles Above the Skull Base
Pages 815-858
Emissary Veins, Vascular-Containing Foramina, and Vascular Depressions of the Skull
Pages 859-885
Normal Variations in Calvarial Contour, Irregular Ossification/Aeration, and Inward/Outward Projections/Protuberances
Pages 887-922
Other “Don’t Touch” Skull Lesions: Arachnoid Granulations, Calvarial Depressions, Hemangiomas, and Intraosseous Lipomas
Pages 923-945
Craniocervical Vasculature: Introduction
Pages 949-950
Aortic Arch and Great Vessel Origin Arterial Variants
Pages 951-970
Cervical Carotid and Vertebral Arterial Variants
Pages 971-994
Tortuous Cervical and Intracranial Arteries and Basilar-Carotid Dolichoectasia
Pages 995-1022
Miscellaneous Cervical Venous Variants
Pages 1023-1034
Intracranial Posterior Circulation Variants
Pages 1035-1063
Intracranial Anterior Circulation Variants
Pages 1065-1103
Infundibular Outpouchings of Intracranial Arteries
Pages 1105-1121
Persistent Carotid-Basilar and Carotid-Vertebral Anastomoses
Pages 1123-1131
Variations in the Intracranial Venous System
Pages 1133-1227
Arachnoid Granulations Within the Dural Sinuses
Pages 1229-1239
Artifacts of the Craniocervical Venous System on MRI
Pages 1241-1259
Artifacts of the Craniocervical Arterial System on MRI
Pages 1261-1291
Artifacts on Craniocervical CT Angiography
Pages 1293-1306
Dense Vessels Simulating Thrombosis on Nonenhanced CT
Pages 1307-1319
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