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Contents
1 Whiplash: An Interdisciplinary Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
A. Cesarani, C.F. Claussen, and D.C. Alpini
Part I General Aspects
2 Epidemiology of Whiplash-Associated Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
F. Ioppolo and R.S. Rizzo
3 Functional Anatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
C.L. Romanò, A. Mondini, S. Brambilla, and F. Ioppolo
4 Kinematics and Dynamics of the Vehicle/Seat/Occupant
System Regarding Whiplash Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
P.L. Ardoino and F. Ioppolo
5 Whiplash Lesions: Orthopedic Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
E. Meani, S. Brambilla, A. Mondini, C.L. Romanò,
and F. Ioppolo
6 Neurology of Whiplash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
G. Meola, E. Bugiardini, and E. Scelzo
7 Radiological Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
A. Bettinelli, M. Leonardi, E.P. Mangiagalli, and P. Cecconi
Part II Pathophysiology
8 The Vestibulo-vertebral Functional Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D.C. Alpini, G. Brugnoni, A. Cesarani,
and P.M. Bavera
9 Pathophysiology of Whiplash-Associated Disorders:
Theories and Controversies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
M. Magnusson, M. Karlberg, C. Mariconda, A. Bucalossi,
and G. Dalmazzo
xii
10 The Contribution of Posturology in Whiplash Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . 95
P.M. Gagey, D.C. Alpini, and E. Brunetta
11 Whiplash-Associated Autonomic Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
R. Boniver, D.C. Alpini, and G. Brugnoni
12 Whiplash-Associated Temporomandibular
Disorders (TMDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
E. Brunetta
13 Whiplash and Sport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
M. Albano, D.C. Alpini, and G.V. Carbone
14 Whiplash Associated Somatic Tinnitus (WAST). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
D.C. Alpini, A. Cesarani, and A. Hahn
Part III Evaluation
15 Anamnesis and Clinical Evaluation of Whiplash-Associated
Equilibrium Disturbances (WAED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
A. Cesarani, D.C. Alpini, D. Brambilla,
and F. Di Berardino
16 Whiplash Effects on Postural Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
M. Magnusson and A. Hahn
17 Static Posturography and Whiplash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
P.L. Ghilardi, A. Casani, B. Fattori, R. Kohen-Raz,
and D.C. Alpini
18 Dynamic Posturography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
S. Barozzi, B. Monti, D.C. Alpini, and F. Di Berardino
19 The Cervico-Cephalic Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
D.C. Alpini, V. Mattei, D. Riva,
and F. Di Berardino
20 Neurotology in Whiplash Injuries: Vestibulo-ocular
Refl exes and Visuo-vestibular Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
L.M. Odkvist, A. Cesarani, and F. Di Berardino
21 Vestibular Evoked Potentials in Relapsing Paroxysmal
Positional Vertigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
F. Di Berardino, D.C. Alpini, L. Pugnetti,
V. Mattei, and B. Franz
22 Whiplash Effects on Brain: Voluntary Eye Movements. . . . . . . . . . . 233
M. Spanio, S. Rigo, and D.C. Alpini
Contents
xiii
23 Whiplash Effects on Brain: Optokinetic Nystagmus
and Visuo-Vestibular Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
A. Salami, M.C. Medicina, and M. Dellepiane
24 Abducting Interocular Ophthalmoplegia
After Whiplash Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
D.C. Alpini, A. Cesarani, and E. Merlo
Part IV Treatment
25 Pharmacological Treatment of Whiplash-Associated
Disorders (WAD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
E.A. Pallestrini, E. Castello, G. Garaventa, F. Ioppolo,
and F. Di Berardino
26 Physiotherapy of Neck, Back and Pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
I. Odkvist, L.M. Odkvist, S. Negrini, and C. Mariconda
27 Manual Medicine in Whiplash- Associated
Disorders (WAD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
G. Brugnoni, C. Correggia, and C. Mariconda
28 Rehabilitation Strategy According
to the Quebec Classifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
S. Negrini, P. Sibilla, S. Atanasio, and G. Brugnoni
29 Whiplash-Associated Equilibrium Disturbances
(WAED) Rehabilitation: Vestibular Re-education
and Vestibular Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
D.C. Alpini, A. Cesarani, and F. Di Berardino
30 Vestibular Electrical Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
A. Cesarani, D.C. Alpini, and E. Filipponi
31 The Neurophysiological Basis of Vestibular
Electrical Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
M. Osio, L. Brunati, G. Abello, and A. Mangoni
32 Ski Trainer Oscillating Platform:
Proprioceptive Reeducation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
M. Savini, D.C. Alpini, and A. Cesarani
33 Visual Feedback Postural Control Re-education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
D.C. Alpini, A. Cesarani, M. De Bellis,
R. Kohen-Raz, and D. Riva
34 Neurorehabilitation of Ataxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
M. Forni
Contents
xiv
35 Rehabilitation in Polytrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
E. Spadini
36 Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine: Cervical Disorders
and Chronic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
G. Garozzo
37 Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine:
Equilibrium Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
P.L. Ghilardi, C. Borsari, A. Casani, L. Bonuccelli,
and B. Fattori
Part V Conclusive Remarks
38 Management and Treatment of WAD Patients:
Conclusive Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
D.C. Alpini, G. Brugnoni, and A. Cesarani
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
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