Front Matter

Pages i-xxi

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Why Are There Significant Differences Among Us in Thyroid Nodule Practices?

1. Front Matter

   Pages 1-1

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2. Addressing the Impact of International Variation in Thyroid Cytology: Which Reporting System Is Best for Patients?

   • Kennichi Kakudo, Andrey Bychkov, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Chan Kwon Jung, Chiung-Ru Lai, Zhiyan Liu

   Pages 3-6

3. Diagnostic Criteria of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC)-Type Nuclear Features Impacting Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology

   • Kennichi Kakudo, Zhiyan Liu, Andrey Bychkov, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Chiung-Ru Lai, Chan Kwon Jung

   Pages 7-14

4. Differences Among Thyroid FNA Practices Elucidated by Meta-analyses of the Literature

   • Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong

   Pages 15-20

5. International Comparison Study of Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology Reporting System

   • Chiung-Ru Lai, Chien-Chin Chen

   Pages 21-25

6. Thyroid FNA Terminology: Progress Towards a Single Unified International System for Thyroid FNA Reporting

   • David N. Poller

   Pages 27-30

Reporting Systems of Thyroid FNA Cytology

1. Front Matter

   Pages 31-31

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2. Introduction to the Third Edition of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

   • Paul A. VanderLaan, Diana Esther Rossi

   Pages 33-36

3. The 2014 Italian Reporting System for Thyroid Cytology: Present and Future

   • Cristina Pizzimenti, Guido Fadda

   Pages 37-41

4. The UK Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) Thy Terminology for Reporting Thyroid FNA Cytology

   • David N. Poller

   Pages 43-49

5. Australian System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology

   • Marian Priyanthi Kumarasinghe

   Pages 51-58

6. The Japanese System Recommended by the Japan Thyroid Association

   • Kaori Kameyama, Eiji Sasaki

   Pages 59-62

7. Risk Classification of Follicular-Patterned Lesions in Thyroid FNA

   • Kaori Kameyama, Eiji Sasaki

   Pages 63-66

8. The Japanese Reporting System for Thyroid Aspiration Cytology (JRSTAC)

   • Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki, Akira Miyauchi, Takashi Akamizu

   Pages 67-73

9. Clinical Management for Follicular Neoplasm Without Molecular Testing

   • Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki, Takumi Kudo, Akira Miyauchi

   Pages 75-80

Classification of Thyroid Tumors

1. Front Matter

   Pages 81-81

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2. Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors by the New Fifth Edition of the WHO Classification

   • Chan Kwon Jung

   Pages 83-89

3. Low-Risk Neoplasms in the Fifth Edition of the WHO Classification of Thyroid Tumors

   • Kennichi Kakudo, Yaqion Li, Yanhua Bai, Zhiyan Liu

   Pages 91-102

4. Clinically Insignificant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Self-limiting Carcinoma that Do Not Harm Patients

   • Kennichi Kakudo, Toru Takano

   Pages 103-107

5. Classification of Thyroid Tumors

   1. Whole Tumor Capsule Is Prognostic of Very Good Outcome in the Classic Papillary Thyroid Cancer

      • Fulvio Basolo, Clara Ugolini, Agnese Proietti

      Pages 109-110

   2. A Framework for Approaching Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules with RAS Mutations: A North American Perspective

      • Andrea D. Olivas, Tatjana Antic, Nicole A. Cipriani

      Pages 111-118

   3. Clinical Advantages and Limitations of Tumors Displaying Minimal and Extensive Vascular Invasion

      • Catarina Eloy, José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro, Ihab Abdulkader-Nallib, Isabel Amendoeira, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões

      Pages 119-130

   4. High-Grade Follicular Cell-Derived Non-anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas

      • Minh-Khang Le, Yan Xiong, Tetsuo Kondo

      Pages 131-138

   5. Molecular Classification of Thyroid Tumors and Key Molecular Features to Identify High-Grade Thyroid Carcinomas

      • Yi Wang, Likun Zhang, Zhiyan Liu

      Pages 139-146

6. Criteria for Each Cytological Category

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 147-147

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   2. Specimen Adequacy and Nondiagnostic Thyroid Nodules

      • Andrey Bychkov, Pichet Sampatanukul

      Pages 149-160

   3. Cyst Fluid Only Samples

      • Risa Kanematsu, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

      Pages 161-165

   4. Cytology of Benign Thyroid Aspirates

      • Agustina D. Abelardo, Andrey Bychkov

      Pages 167-173

   5. AUS/FLUS in the Third Edition of the Bethesda System

      • Marc Pusztaszeri, Beatrix Cochand-Priollet, Massimo Bongiovanni

      Pages 175-182

   6. Cytological Diagnosis of Follicular Neoplasm

      • SoonWon Hong

      Pages 183-190

   7. Diagnostic Criteria of Suspicious for Malignancy

      • Sue Youn Kim, Chan Kwon Jung

      Pages 191-197

   8. Cytological Diagnoses of Malignancy and Nuclear Features of PTC

      • Chan Kwon Jung

      Pages 199-203

7. Cytological Features of Thyroid Lesions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 205-205

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   2. Diagnostic Clues for Thyroid Aspiration Cytology

      • Aki Tanaka, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

      Pages 207-231

   3. False Positive in Thyroid FNA: Causes and How to Avoid Them

      • Fernando Schmitt, Ricella Souza da Silva

      Pages 233-244

   4. Papillae in Thyroid Aspirates

      • Shipra Agarwal, Xin Jing, Claire W. Michael, Zhiyan Liu, Kennichi Kakudo

      Pages 245-252

   5. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma on LBC Preparations

      • Ayana Suzuki

      Pages 253-255

   6. Spindle Cells in Thyroid Aspirates

      • Shurong He, Xuedong Zhang, Aixia Hu

      Pages 257-270

8. Benign Lesions, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 271-271

   2. Benign Lesions, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

      1. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Other Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Neck

         • Andrey Bychkov

         Pages 273-283

      2. Benign Follicular-Patterned Lesions (Thyroid Follicular Nodular Disease)

         • Shoko Kure, Iwao Sugitani

         Pages 285-289

      3. Infectious Thyroiditis

         • Shipra Agarwal, Claire W. Michael, Xin Jing, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo

         Pages 291-297

      4. Diagnostic Considerations for Thyroid Nodules in Graves’ Disease

         • Jen-Fan Hang

         Pages 299-303

      5. Subacute Thyroiditis or Papillary Carcinoma

         • Tiesheng Wang, Yun Zhu

         Pages 305-311

      6. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis or Papillary Carcinoma

         • Yun Zhu, Tiesheng Wang

         Pages 313-318

   3. Low Risk Neoplasms, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

      1. Front Matter

         Pages 319-319

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      2. NIFTP in Asian Practice

         • Andrey Bychkov, Chanchal Rana, Zhiyan Liu, Chan Kwon Jung, Kennichi Kakudo

         Pages 321-334

      3. Role of FNA Cytology in Preoperative Prediction of NIFTP: Practical Experiences in North America

         • Madelyn Lew, Xin Jing

         Pages 335-340

      4. Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor

         • Naoki Yamao, Ayana Suzuki, Seiji Kuma, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

         Pages 341-346

   4. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

      1. Front Matter

         Pages 347-347

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      2. Cystic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

         • Aparna Harbhajanka, Claire W. Michael, Jay Wasman

         Pages 349-355

      3. Tall Cell Subtype of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

         • Lan Chen

         Pages 357-360

      4. Papillary Carcinoma, Columnar Cell Variant: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Differential Diagnoses

         • Chiung-Ru Lai

         Pages 361-364

      5. Hobnail Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

         • Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung

         Pages 365-375

      6. Solid/Trabecular Subtype of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

         • Ryuji Ohashi

         Pages 377-382

      7. Aggressive Subtypes of PTC: How to Handle Them in FNA Cytology

         • Annette Salillas

         Pages 383-388

   5. High-Grade Carcinomas, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

      1. Front Matter

         Pages 389-389

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      2. High-Grade Follicular-Derived Carcinomas in FNA Cytology

         • Minh-Khang Le, Yan Xiong, Tetsuo Kondo

         Pages 391-395

      3. Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma and Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid

         • Francesca Maletta, Elena Vissio, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti

         Pages 397-405

      4. High-Grade Carcinomas, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

         1. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

            • Andrey Bychkov, Shipra Agarwal, Somboon Keelawat

            Pages 407-425

         2. Metastasis to Thyroid

            • Radhika Srinivasan, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov

            Pages 427-433

      5. Other Thyroid Lesions, Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

         1. Front Matter

            Pages 435-435

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         2. Cribriform-Morular Thyroid Carcinoma

            • Zhiyan Liu, Chunyan Zhang, Qianqian Wang, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

            Pages 437-446

         3. Oncocytic Cell Neoplasms in Hematoxylin-Eosin-Stained Samples

            • Yun Zhu, Tiesheng Wang

            Pages 447-455

         4. Hürthle Cell Neoplasms in Papanicolaou- and Romanowsky-Stained Specimens

            • Eleni Thodou, Sule Canberk

            Pages 457-463

         5. Medullary (C Cell) Thyroid Carcinoma or Oncocytic Follicular Neoplasms

            • Yun Zhu, Tiesheng Wang, Kennichi Kakudo

            Pages 465-474

         6. Diagnosis of Medullary (C Cell) Thyroid Carcinoma

            • Chih-Yi Liu, Chien-Chin Chen

            Pages 475-485

         7. Primary Thyroid Lymphoma

            • Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

            Pages 487-491

         8. Rare Hematolymphoid Neoplasms of the Thyroid

            • Radhika Srinivasan, Andrey Bychkov

            Pages 493-504

         9. Intrathyroid Thymic Carcinoma

            • Deepali Jain, Andrey Bychkov, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

            Pages 505-512

         10. Parathyroid Adenoma and Its Differential Diagnoses

             • Min En Nga

             Pages 513-521

      6. How to Improve Diagnostic Performance in Thyroid FNA Cytology

         1. Front Matter

            Pages 523-523

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         2. Aspiration Methods and Optimal Smear Preparation Techniques

            • Miyoko Higuchi, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

            Pages 525-531

         3. Staining Methods in Thyroid Cytology

            • Annette L. Salillas, Ayana Suzuki

            Pages 533-538

         4. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Complications

            • Yasuhiro Ito, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

            Pages 539-542

         5. Liquid-Based Cytology Technique for Thyroid Cytology

            • Claire W. Michael

            Pages 543-555

         6. Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE)

            • Xin Jing, Kennichi Kakudo, Claire Michael

            Pages 557-562

         7. Mobile Rapid On-Site Evaluation

            • Toshitetsu Hayashi, Noriko Akiyama

            Pages 563-566

         8. Low-Cellularity Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Specimens: Differential Diagnosis, the Role of Ancillary Testing and Associated Diagnostic Challenges

            • Syed M. Gilani

            Pages 567-572

         9. How to Improve Diagnostic Performance in Thyroid FNA Cytology

            1. The Role of Repeat FNA in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules

               • Pablo Valderrabano

               Pages 573-577

            2. Frozen Section and Intraoperative Imprint Cytology

               • Bozidar Kovacevic, Snezana Cerovic, Vesna Skuletic

               Pages 579-585

            3. Core Needle Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: Pathologic Aspects

               • Chan Kwon Jung

               Pages 587-597

            4. Biochemical Test of Fine-Needle Aspirate as an Adjunct to Cytological Diagnosis in Patients with Thyroid Cancer or Primary Hyperparathyroidism

               • Shinya Satoh, Hiroyuki Yamashita, Kennichi Kakudo, Masahiro Nakashima

               Pages 599-606

            5. Quality Control for Cytology Laboratory in the USA

               • Aparna Harbhajanka, Claire W. Michael

               Pages 607-614

            6. Infection Control in Cytology Practice and the COVID-19 Pandemic

               • Elena Vigliar, Claudio Bellevicine, Giancarlo Troncone

               Pages 615-618

         10. Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Nodule Practice

             1. Front Matter

                Pages 619-619

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             2. Cell Blocks in Cytopathology and Their Role in Evaluation of Thyroid Aspirates

                • Rimlee Dutta, Manish Rohilla, Radhika Srinivasan, Deepali Jain

                Pages 621-636

             3. European Experience and Recommendations for Immunocytochemistry on Cytological Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens

                • Beatrix Cochand-Priollet, Irena Srebotnik Kirbis, Benedicte Royer

                Pages 637-641

             4. Application of Immunocytochemistry in Thyroid Aspiration Cytology

                • Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa

                Pages 643-650

         11. Molecular Tests in Thyroid Nodule Practice

             1. Front Matter

                Pages 651-651

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             2. Practice of Molecular Detection of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimen in China

                • Zhiyan Liu, Qiong Jiao, Kennichi Kakudo

                Pages 653-659

             3. Experience in Molecular Testing Using FNA Cytology in EU Countries

                • Sara Coluccelli, Thais Maloberti, Federico Chiarucci, Antonio De Leo, Dario de Biase, Giovanni Tallini

                Pages 661-674

             4. Molecular Testing for Thyroid Nodules: The Experience at McGill University Teaching Hospitals in Canada

                • Marc Pusztaszeri, Mohannad Rajab, Richard J. Payne

                Pages 675-683

             5. Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Molecular Testing in the USA

                • N. Paul Ohori, Michiya Nishino

                Pages 685-695

             6. Molecular Target Therapy for Pathologists in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma

                • Young Shin Song, Young Joo Park

                Pages 697-713

         12. Image Technology in Thyroid Nodule Practice

             1. Front Matter

                Pages 715-715

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             2. Pathologic Basis for Thyroid Ultrasound

                • Grace C. H. Yang, Chiung-Ru Lai

                Pages 717-729

             3. Ultrasonography of the Thyroid Gland

                • So Lyung Jung

                Pages 731-742

             4. Nuclear Imaging of the Thyroid Gland

                • Joo Hyun O, Seunggyun Ha

                Pages 743-748

             5. Clinical Guidelines in Thyroid Nodule Practice

                1. Front Matter

                   Pages 749-749

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                2. International Comparison of Thyroid Nodule Workup

                   • Elizabeth E. Cottrill, Erin Buczek, Lauren Schlegel, Tanya Fancy, Aarti Agarwal, Amr H. Abdelhamid Ahmed et al.

                   Pages 751-757

                3. How to Follow FNA-Confirmed Benign Thyroid Nodules

                   • Minoru Kihara

                   Pages 759-760

                4. Management of Papillary Microcarcinoma of the Thyroid

                   • Yasuhiro Ito, Akira Miyauchi, Makoto Fujishima, Takahiro Sasaki

                   Pages 761-769

                5. Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer in North America

                   • Marc P. Pusztaszeri, Michael Tamilia, Richard J. Payne

                   Pages 771-779

             6. Thyroid Nodule in Children and Young Adults

                1. Front Matter

                   Pages 781-781

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                2. Thyroid Nodules in Children and Adolescents

                   • Young Ah Lee

                   Pages 783-789

                3. Thyroid Carcinoma of Young Adults and Children

                   • Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong

                   Pages 791-796

                4. The Role of Thyroid FNA Cytology in Pediatric Malignant Lesions: Case Illustrations and Literature Review

                   • Esther Diana Rossi

                   Pages 797-805

             7. Patient Oriented Thyroid Nodule Practice

                1. Front Matter

                   Pages 807-807

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                2. One-Stop Clinic for Thyroid Nodules

                   • Voichita Suciu, Livia Lamartina, Philippe Vielh

                   Pages 809-815

                3. Caring for Patients with Thyroid Nodules: Preventing Overdiagnosis as a Harm of FNA Cytological Examinations

                   • Sanae Midorikawa, Akira Ohtsuru

                   Pages 817-822

                4. Consideration of Patients’ Viewpoint and the Role of Pathologists in Reporting Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinomas

                   • Naomi Kitayama, Zhiyan Liu, Kennichi Kakudo

                   Pages 823-828

             8. Back Matter

                Pages 829-837