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This book offers ophthalmologists and medical practitioners a concise, data-driven review of the information that is most relevant in guiding the diagnosis and management of thyroid eye disease (TED). Particular attention is devoted to research and clinical trials that have advanced the field in recent years.
Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of TED is described, and the heterogeneous natural history of TED is discussed to facilitate preemptive interventions. Advances in diagnostic evaluation, including autoantibody assessment, are reviewed with regard to their clinical utility. The diagnostic features of euthyroid TED are also carefully covered since these patients often represent a diagnostic dilemma.
All relevant aspects of treatment are addressed including the role of radioactive iodine, long-term medical therapy, and surgical thyroidectomy. The impact of these treatment modalities on eye disease are discussed. Management of active TED is reviewed according to the severity of disease and in the light of recent findings and the introduction of novel agents. The discussion encompasses the role of steroids and other agents, the use of novel biologics, the medical and surgical treatment of optic neuropathy, and minimally invasive, customized reconstructive surgery. Numerous supporting images are included, and helpful checklists will aid the practitioner in treatment decision making.
Chapter 1 Diagnosis and Endocrine Management of Graves’ Disease
George J. Kahaly
Chapter 2 Natural History of Thyroid Eye Disease
Peter J. Dolman
Chapter 3 Emerging Role of Fibrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Eye Disease
Terry J. Smith
Chapter 4 Management of Hyperthyroidism and the Effects on Thyroid Eye Disease
Fatemeh Rajaii, Shivani Gupta, and Raymond S. Douglas
Chapter 5 Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye Disease
Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Chapter 6 Nutrition and Supplements in Thyroid Eye Disease
Claudio Marcocci and Francesca Menconi
Chapter 7 Pregnancy and Childhood Thyroid Eye Disease
Andrew G. Gianoukakis, Teeraun Jirajariyavej, Rebecca A. Hicks, Jennifer K. Yee
Chapter 8 Medical Management of Mild and Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease
Lucy Clarke and Petros Perros
Chapter 9 Management of Severe Thyroid Eye Disease and Use of Biological Agents
Mario Salvi, Richard L. Scawn, Roman Farjardo, Bobby S. Korn, Don O. Kikkawa
Chapter 10 Strabismus in Thyroid Eye Disease
Bokkwan Jun and Prem S. Subramanian
Chapter 11 Customized Minimally Invasive Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Eye Disease
Shivani Gupta, Allison N. McCoy, and Raymond S. Douglas
Chapter 12 Non-Invasive, Minimally Invasive and Surgical Pearls for Cosmetic Rejuvenation of the Thyroid Eye Disease Patient
Robert Goldberg and Daniel B. Rootman
Chapter 13 Psychological Disturbances in Thyroid Eye Disease
Sally Liu Baxter, Richard L. Scawn, Bobby S. Korn, Don O. Kikkawa
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