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Contents
1. Hematopoiesis and Hematology Testing..................................... 1
Hematopoiesis and Blood Cells 2
Hematology Testing 8
2. Disorders of Red Blood Cells ..................................................... 13
Anemia 28
Hypochromic, Microcytic Anemia 29
Megaloblastic Anemias 33
Aplastic Anemia and Hypoplastic Anemia 34
Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia 37
Anemia Related to Hemolysis 38
Anemia Associated with Hemoglobinopathies 43
Other Anemia-related Syndromes 51
3. Disorders of Platelets and Coagulation Factors ..................... 57
Coagulation Factors 58
Coagulation Tests 59
Natural Inhibitors of Coagulation 61
Fibrinolytic System 62
Inherited Coagulation Disorders 63
Acquired Coagulation Disorders 65
Platelets and von Willebrand Factor 68
Hereditary Thrombotic Disorders and Anticoagulant
Therapy Monitoring 72
4. Disorders of Nonneoplastic White Blood Cells ....................... 75
Neutrophil Disorders 76
5. Normal Lymph Node, Thymus and Lymphoid
Hyperplasia .................................................................................... 91
Normal Lymph Node—Function and Structure 92
Normal Thymus—Function and Structure 93
Predominant Patterns and Etiology of Reactive
Lymph Node Hyperplasia 93
Highlighted Topics 95
6. Spleen ............................................................................................ 107
Normal Spleen Function and Structure 108
Splenic Lymphomas 109
7. Myelodysplastic Syndromes ...................................................... 117
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) 118
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN) 120
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 124
8. Acute Myeloid Leukemia .......................................................... 143
WHO Classification and Prognosis 144
AML with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities 147
AML with Myelodysplasia Related Changes 151
Therapy-related Myeloid Neoplasms
(t-AML, t-MDS, t-MDS/MPN) 152
AML Not Otherwise Categorized 153
Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage 161
9. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma,
Mature T- and B-cell Leukemias ............................................ 167
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL) 168
Mature B-cell Leukemia 175
Mature T-cell Leukemia and Natural Killer Cell-Large
Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (NK-LGLL) 185
10. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, Plasma Cell Neoplasms and
Histiocytic/Dendritic Cell Neoplasms ...................................... 191
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas 192
Plasma Cell Neoplasms 235
Histocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms 247
11. Hodgkin Lymphoma .................................................................. 255
12. Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated with
Immunodeficiency and Post-transplantations........................ 269
Primary Immune Disorders Associated with
Lymphoproliferative Disorders 270
Disorders Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency 271
Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders 271
13. Flow Cytometry .......................................................................... 275
Principles of Flow Cytometry and its Applications 276
14. Molecular Pathology .................................................................. 301
Basic Concept and Terminology 302
Methods in Molecular Pathology 311
Genetic Abnormalities and Molecular Basis of Diseases 314
Questions and Answers ........................................................................ 321
Appendix ................................................................................................ 399
Index ...................................................................................................... 407
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