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This book offers the concepts of quantitative MRI for kidney imaging. Kidney MRI holds incredible promise for making a quantum leap in improving diagnosis and care of patients with a multitude of diseases, by moving beyond the limitations and restrictions of current routine clinical practice. Clinical kidney MRI is advancing with ever increasing rapidity, and yet, it is still not good enough. Several roadblocks still slow the pace of progress, particularly inefficient education of renal MR researchers, and lack of harmonization of approaches that limits the sharing of results among multiple research groups.
With the help of this book, we aim to address these limitations, by providing a comprehensive collection of more chapters on MRI methods that serve as a foundational resource for clinical kidney MRI studies. This includes chapters describing the fundamental principles underlying a variety of kidney MRI methods, step-by-step protocols for executing kidney MRI studies, and detailed guides for post-processing and data analysis. This collection serves as a crucial part of a roadmap towards conducting kidney MRI studies in a robust and reproducible way, that promotes the standardization and sharing of data, and ultimately, clinical translation.
Chapters are divided into three parts: MRI physics and acquisition protocols, post-processing and data analysis methods, and clinical applications. The first section includes MRI physics background and describe a detailed step by step MRI acquisition protocol. If a clinician would like to perform a renal MRI – this would include the parameters to set up the acquisition on the scanner. By this section, the reader should have the details to be able to successfully collect human renal MR images. In the second section, expert authors describe methods on how to post-process and analyze the data. By this section, the reader should have the details to be able to successfully generate quantitative data from the human renal MR images. In the final section, chapters show clinical examples of various methods. Authors share examples of multi-parametric renal MRI that are being used in clinical practice.
This is an ideal guide for clinicians from radiology, nephrology, physiology, clinical scientists, and as well as basic scientists and experts in imaging sciences and physics of kidney MRI. It also provides an opportunity to students, trainees, and post-doctoral fellows to learn about these kidney MRI techniques.
Pages i-xviii
Front Matter
Pages 1-1
Pages 3-12
MR Physics, Hardware Considerations, and Practical Steps for Clinical MRI of the Kidney
Pages 13-46
Pages 47-57
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Safety with Focus on Kidney MRI
Pages 59-68
Motion-Insensitive Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic MR Imaging of the Kidneys
Pages 69-75
Clinical Implementation of Image Processing in Kidney MRI
Pages 77-88
Front Matter
Pages 89-89
Quantitative MRI of the Kidneys: Rationale and Challenges
Pages 91-110
Pages 111-123
Pages 125-132
Probing Renal Oxygenation with T2*-Sensitized MRI (BOLD-MRI)
Pages 133-151
T1ρ Mapping and Its Applications for Assessment of Renal Fibrosis
Pages 153-162
MR Fingerprinting for Quantitative Kidney Imaging
Pages 163-180
Magnetization Transfer Imaging
Pages 181-195
Metabolic Imaging: Measuring Fat in the Kidney
Pages 197-209
MR Angiography and Phase-Contrast MRI: Measuring Blood Flow in the Kidney
Pages 211-240
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Kidney
Pages 241-252
MR Elastography for Evaluation of Kidney Fibrosis
Pages 253-269
Microstructural Features and Functional Assessment of the Kidney Using Diffusion MRI
Pages 271-297
Arterial Spin Labeled MRI for Quantitative Non-Contrast Perfusion Measurement of the Kidneys
Pages 299-315
Gadolinium-Based Functional MR Urography: From Image Acquisition to Interpretation
Pages 317-329
Tools and Techniques to Map Glomerular Distribution and Nephron Function Using MRI
Pages 331-341
Front Matter
Pages 343-343
CEST MRI for Monitoring Kidney Diseases
Pages 345-360
Renal Sodium 23Na-MRI for Clinical Applications
Pages 361-376
Hyperpolarized 13C Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Practical Considerations for Clinical Use
Pages 377-385
Bridging the Gap Between Imaging and Biopsy
Pages 387-395
Renal Modeling and 3D Printing
Pages 397-405
Radiomics and Texture Analysis
Pages 407-418
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Automated Data Analysis of the Kidney
Pages 419-436
Ultra-high Field MRI of the Kidney
Pages 437-452
Quantification of Renal Metabolic Rate of Oxygen
Pages 453-456
Pages 457-464
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